How do frameworks update the DOM WITHOUT a Virtual DOM?

I have been Researching React's virtual DOM(how it works) for a while now, and so far I have understood the following:

-It has an in-memory DOM representation at all times

-When something changes in the application/component the virtual DOM creates another representation of component's/application's DOM - this time how it should look like

-It "diffs" them to find the minimum differences that need to be updated in the real DOM

-It updates the real DOM

I wanted to know if other frameworks update DOM and detect changes differrently and if they do - how.